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DIY transduction: Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) efficiently cross the nonpolar biological membrane, but activation by hydrophobic counterions is essential for transport activity. Polymeric mimics of CPPs are coupled with hydrophobic side chains; the “self-activation” in these species is demonstrated by transport of the fluorescent probe CF out of bilayer vesicles.
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Som et al. (2011) studied this question.
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