Key result
A literature review and consensus process yielded a conceptual framework for cardiovascular disease outcomes research among older adults, featuring reserve, CVD stressor, resilience, and outcomes.
Proposes a novel framework integrating reserve and resilience to improve cardiovascular disease outcomes research and clinical care in older adults.
frameworks, could be useful to guide research and clinical care to maximize function and quality of life after CVD hospitalization, particularly among older adults. Framework developmentWe conducted a literature review of existing frameworks on reserve and resilience and SDOH.Subsequently, we adapted these concepts to CVD events.We presented our consolidated framework to a research team with diverse clinical (geriatrics, internal medicine and primary care, cardiology, and advanced heart failure) and research expertise (health services research, epidemiology, aging, biostatistics, sociology, health equity, and community engaged research methods).Last, we elicited feedback from an advisory board of individuals who had experienced a hospitalization or cared for family members who did.With this input, we refined the framework.The resulting framework (Figure ) shows four key elements: reserve, CVD stressor, resilience, and outcomes.
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Enogela et al. (2025) conducted a review in Cardiovascular Disease. Framework on reserve and resilience was evaluated. A literature review and consensus process yielded a conceptual framework for cardiovascular disease outcomes research among older adults, featuring reserve, CVD stressor, resilience, and outcomes.
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