Electronic Dura Mater Meddling in the Central Nervous System

IMPORTANCE: A growing number of neurologic treatments rely on neural implants capable of delivering electrical and chemical stimulation to targeted regions of the central nervous system for extended periods. OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential of a novel class of multimodal neural implants, termed electronic dura mater or e-dura, to fulfill this need. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Results from preclinical applications of e-dura implants and clinical evidence. FINDINGS: The silicone-based implant e-dura embeds interconnects, electrodes, and chemotrodes that are entirely stretchable. These unique mechanical properties allow e-dura to conform to the circumvolutions of the brain and spinal cord without damaging neural tissues or triggering foreign body reactions. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although challenges lie ahead to reach clinical fruition, the unique mechanical properties and integrated modalities of e-dura provide future opportunities to treat or alleviate neurologic deficits.