Key result
Spontaneous cholesterol embolization syndrome can cause acute renal failure in high-risk patients even without a history of recent cardiac or vascular interventions.
Why the study?
Cholesterol embolization syndrome typically occurs after cardiac or vascular procedures, making spontaneous presentation in the absence of such interventions important to highlight.
Case Report (n=1)
Cholesterol embolization syndrome should be considered as a potential cause of acute renal failure in high-risk patients, even in the absence of prior cardiac or vascular interventions.
Spontaneous cholesterol embolization may cause fatal renal failure without procedures; this case report leaves open its incidence and management.
Cholesterol embolization syndrome (CES) is a rare presentation of systemic atherosclerosis, which commonly presents in patients with risk factors of coronary artery disease and usually occurs after cardiac or vascular procedures. Laboratory tests are nonspecific, and imaging studies may visualize the plaque. Management includes supportive care directed to relieve the end-organ damage. The prognosis of CES is poor, with high mortality of up to 29% if the CES resulted in atheroembolic renal disease (AERD). In our report, we present a 90-year-old Caucasian female who was diagnosed with CES and complicated with AERD. The patient did not undergo any cardiac or vascular procedures. This case highlights the importance of considering CES and AERD as a potential cause of renal failure, especially in high-risk patients, even if the patients did not have any history of cardiac or vascular intervention.
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Abdelazeem et al. (2021) conducted a case report in Cholesterol Embolization Syndrome (n=1). Spontaneous cholesterol embolization was evaluated. Spontaneous cholesterol embolization syndrome can cause acute renal failure in high-risk patients even without a history of recent cardiac or vascular interventions.
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