Insight into the surface property modification-enhanced C 3 N 4 performance of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation

, demonstrating that the participation of dissolved nitrogen alone is not enough and gaseous nitrogen indeed promotes the reaction of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. Meanwhile, the nitrogen fixation performance of the catalyst is positively correlated with its hydrophobicity, indicating that a reasonable adjustment of the catalysts' hydrophobicity can give them a certain wettability to activate water, while also providing a hydrophobic surface for insoluble gas-phase nitrogen adsorption. This provides new ideas and directions for the design of future heterogeneous reaction catalysts.