Vacancy defects in electron-irradiated ZnO studied by Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation

Vacancy defects in ZnO induced by electron irradiation were characterized by the Doppler broadening of annihilation radiation measurements together with the local density approximation calculations. Zinc vacancies (VZn) are responsible for positron trapping in the as-irradiated state. These are annealed out below 2000.2em0ex^∘C. The further annealing at 4000.2em0ex^∘C results in the formation of secondary defects attributed to the complexes composed of zinc vacancies and zinc antisites (VZn-ZnO).