Dynamics of isolated dianions

The electronic structure of multiply charged anions, which is characterised by the presence of a repulsive Coulomb barrier (RCB), has been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy for a few decades. In recent years, work has shifted to focus on the dynamics of dianions and moving beyond model systems. Experimental techniques have also diversified to include photoelectron imaging, time-resolved studies, and action spectroscopy of secondary processes. In this review we summarise recent work on gas-phase spectroscopy of dianions, focusing on how the study of electron dynamics, secondary processes (fragmentation and secondary electron loss) and the photoelectron angular distributions contribute to our understanding of the structure of the RCB and the dynamics of dianions. Finally, we provide a brief outlook for future work in this area.