Public health burden of antimicrobial resistance in Europe

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Evaluation of the public health burden of antimicrobial resistance, which is needed to drive policy interventions, is done through estimates of clinical benchmarks (mainly morbidity and crude mortality) and economic indicators (direct costs, use of resources, and drug expenditures). Most of these estimates are restricted to high-income countries and retrieve data to fit the computation models from national surveillance of clinical samples, prevalence or incidence surveys, and retrospective cohorts.