Key result
Genomic and epigenomic changes, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor microenvironment alterations drive osteosarcoma metastasis, presenting potential targets for emerging therapies.
Why the study?
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in osteosarcoma patients, and current management options to prevent metastasis are limited and non-curative.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying osteosarcoma metastasis and discusses potential emerging treatment opportunities.
Metastasis remains the main cause of death in osteosarcoma with few options; review extends mechanistic insights but leaves open clinical translation of new targets.
In osteosarcoma patients, metastasis of the primary cancer is the leading cause of death. At present, management options to prevent metastasis are limited and non-curative. In this study, we review the current state of knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of metastasis and discuss promising new therapies to combat osteosarcoma metastasis. Genomic and epigenomic changes, metabolic reprogramming, transcription factors, dysregulation of physiologic pathways, and alterations to the tumor microenvironment are some of the changes reportedly involved in the regulation of osteosarcoma metastasis. Key factors within the tumor microenvironment include infiltrating lymphocytes, macrophages, cancer-associated fibroblasts, platelets, and extracellular components such as vesicles, proteins, and other secreted molecules. We conclude by discussing potential osteosarcoma-limiting agents and their clinical studies.
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Du et al. (2023) conducted a review in Osteosarcoma metastasis. Genomic and epigenomic changes, metabolic reprogramming, and tumor microenvironment alterations drive osteosarcoma metastasis, presenting potential targets for emerging therapies.
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