A Comprehensive Review on Cucurbit Grafting: A Sustainable Approach to Boost Crop Performance

Grafting, which unites the rootstock and scion of a plant, is crucial for combating soil-borne diseases in cucurbitaceous crops such as watermelon, melon, bitter gourd, summer squash and cucumber. Essential due to limited arable land and off-season demand, this technique enhances plant vigour by improving nutrient uptake and providing resistance to soil pathogens, salinity, drought and temperature variations, thereby improving overall yield and fruit quality. Initially implemented in Japan in the late 1990s, grafting significantly affects fruit pH, flavour, sugar content, carotenoids, and texture. Globally, it has been adopted to prevent diseases like fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode. This practice mitigates production losses under adverse conditions and promotes organic, safer vegetables by reducing pesticide residues. Recent advancements in grafting methods and versatile rootstocks further support its widespread use.