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Survey research with members of the New York State Legislature revealed support for differing views on crime causation and control. Scales measuring support for liberal and conservative perspectives toward crime and punishment were developed. Multivariate analyses indicated that legislators' race, gender, and party affiliation were consistent correlates of crime control ideology. The characteristics of New York legislators that are associated with crime control ideology have remained stable over time.
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Flanagan et al. (1993) studied this question.
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