Key result
In a series of 5,000 operations using spinal anesthesia, there were no deaths and no instances of permanent motor paralysis, with postoperative urinary retention occurring in approximately 30%.
Why the study?
Is spinal anesthesia safe and effective for operations below the diaphragm?
Population
5,000 patients undergoing operations below the level of the diaphragm
Comparison
Spinal anesthesia vs General anesthesia (historical/implied)
Design
Case_series
Authors
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Large case series suggests low severe complication risk; leaves open need for RCTs to confirm efficacy below diaphragm.
Observational (n=5,000)
Is spinal anesthesia safe and effective for operations below the diaphragm?
Spinal anesthesia is a safe and effective option for surgeries below the diaphragm, providing excellent muscular relaxation without severe respiratory or circulatory depression.
Robert A. Scarborough (1958) conducted an observational in Operations below the level of the diaphragm (n=5,000). Spinal anesthesia vs. General anesthesia was evaluated on Deaths and permanent motor paralysis. In a series of 5,000 operations using spinal anesthesia, there were no deaths and no instances of permanent motor paralysis, with postoperative urinary retention occurring in approximately 30%.
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