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September 5, 2026Medical Science MonitorOpen Access

Predictors of Malnutrition in Patients With Multiple Myeloma: A Review of the Literature

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Authors

MDMaciej DubajKBKarol BigosińskiASAneta Szudy‐Szczyrek

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Overview

Narrative review reveals inflammatory biomarkers reliably predict cachexia in multiple myeloma, highlighting their clinical utility over exploratory genetic markers.

Key Points

  • To evaluate and synthesize current evidence on inflammatory, metabolic, and genetic predictors of malnutrition and cancer cachexia in patients with multiple myeloma.
  • Narrative literature review synthesizing evidence on biological mechanisms driving malnutrition, including systemic inflammation and genetic pathways.
  • Assessed predictive accuracy and clinical translational readiness of circulating biomarkers and molecular candidates.
  • C-reactive protein (CRP) > 54 mg/L is significantly associated with cachexia (OR = 5.94), and interleukin-1b (IL-1b) > 6.7 pg/mL demonstrates strong predictive performance (AUC = 0.788).
  • The combination of CRP and IL-1b substantially improves cachexia prediction over single markers alone (AUC = 0.956).
  • Emerging candidates such as GDF-15, soluble transferrin receptor, and non-coding RNAs correlate with nutritional impairment but remain exploratory pending prospective validation.

Cite This Study

Dubaj et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd3a66b95aff0620ead76https://doi.org/10.12659/msm.954862
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Muscle matters: Prognostic implications of malnutrition and muscle health parameters in patients with cancer. A secondary analysis of a randomised trial2024 · 12 citations
  2. 2IL1B Polymorphism (rs1143634) and IL-1β Plasma Concentration as Predictors of Nutritional Disorders and Prognostic Factors in Multiple Myeloma Patients2024 · 2 citations
  3. 3Abstract 3928: Dynamic inflammatory biomarkers are associated with cancer cachexia in a prospective lung cancer cohort.2026
  4. 4Nutritional vulnerability, food insecurity, and unmet supportive care needs in multiple myeloma: a cross-sectional study from China2026
  5. 5Circulating Inflammatory and Mitochondrial Biomarkers Associated with Cachexia in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer2026 · 3 citations