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September 5, 2026Journal of Cardiothoracic SurgeryOpen Access

COVID-19 is linked to broad cardiovascular complications driven by endothelial dysfunction.

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Why the study?

COVID-19 is a multisystem disease with substantial cardiovascular involvement contributing to acute and long-term morbidity in adult and pediatric populations.

Population

Adult and pediatric populations with COVID-19

Design

Narrative review

Key result

COVID-19 is associated with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic events, driven by endothelial dysfunction.

Authors

JSJohn ShaibAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterMNMalek Al NakouziAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterLSLauren Christy SfeirAmerican University of Beirut Medical Center

Discussion

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Overview

Supports CV monitoring in COVID-19 patients; leaves open targeted endothelial therapies for prospective validation.

Key Points

  • To synthesize clinical evidence on the acute and long-term cardiovascular manifestations and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms associated with COVID-19 infection.
  • Conducted a clinically oriented narrative review synthesizing evidence on cardiovascular presentations, underlying mechanisms, and risk factors across adult and pediatric populations.
  • COVID-19 causes diverse cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, myocarditis, heart failure, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes, and thromboembolic events driven by endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and hypercoagulability.
  • Older age, male sex, and pre-existing cardiovascular disease consistently associate with worse clinical outcomes, whereas children primarily experience cardiac involvement in the context of multisystem inflammatory syndrome.
  • Persistent post-acute cardiovascular sequelae are frequently observed, underscoring the necessity of targeted risk stratification and multidisciplinary longitudinal surveillance.

Structured PICO

P
Population
Adult and pediatric populations with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection)

COVID-19 is a multisystem disease with significant short- and long-term cardiovascular implications, underscoring the need for early risk stratification and longitudinal multidisciplinary follow-up.

Limitations

  • Many available studies are observational and vary considerably in patient populations, outcome definitions, and duration of follow-up
  • The relative contributions of direct viral injury and immune-mediated damage remain incompletely understood
  • Long-term pediatric data remain limited

Cite This Study

Shaib et al. (2026) conducted a review in COVID-19. COVID-19 was evaluated. COVID-19 is associated with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury, heart failure, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic events, driven by endothelial dysfunction.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd3c76b95aff0620eae84https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-026-04628-2
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Major Cardiovascular Manifestations during COVID-19 Infection2021
  2. 2COVID-19-Associated Cardiovascular Complications: A Narrative Literature Review2026
  3. 3Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19 Disease: A Narrative Review2025 · 10 citations
  4. 4Cardiovascular system and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): mutual injuries and unexpected outcomes2021 · 5 citations
  5. 5Cardiovascular Complications of COVID-19: Review of Cardiac Injury Pathophysiology and Clinical Evidence2024 · 2 citations