The Role of Shift Work Schedule in Shaping Eating Behaviors Among Nurses

Background:Lifestyle factors, including dietary habits, play a crucial role in shaping health outcomes.For 2-shift workers, disruptions in circadian rhythm may further influence eating behaviors.This study aimed to assess the diet quality and selected nutritional behaviors of nurses working in different shift systems. Material/Methods:The study included 236 nurses, with data collected using the standardized KomPAN questionnaire.Participants' height and weight were measured according to standard procedures.Nurses working in either a single-shift system (fixed working hours, no rotation) or a 2-shift system were included.Participants had a minimum of 6 months' experience in their system and consented to participate in the study. Results:Overall diet quality was neutral, with low intensity of pro-healthy and unhealthy dietary behaviors; low Pro-Healthy Diet Index and low Non-Healthy Diet Index co-occurred most frequently (OR = 39; P < 0.0001).Two-shift workers consumed more salty snacks (27% vs 12%; P = 0.009) and full-fat milk (P = 0.034), whereas single-shift workers more frequently chose reduced-fat milk and stewed meat dishes (P = 0.012).Age was associated with dietary patterns, with younger nurses consuming more fast food, sweetened drinks, and alcohol.No significant relationships were found between the single-shift/2-shift systems and BMI, overall diet indices, or meal regularity.These findings highlight the subtle dietary differences associated with different shift systems. Conclusions:The overall diet quality among nurses was low, regardless of work schedule.Although general diet indices did not differ by shift system, specific behaviors reflected the association between work schedule and food choices.Workplace-based nutritional interventions promoting healthy eating are recommended, particularly for 2-shift working nurses.