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September 5, 2026International Journal of Satellite Communications and NetworkingOpen Access

Routing and Downlink Resource Allocation for Multicast Traffic in LEO Satellite Constellations

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Authors

FLFederico Lozano-CuadraILIsrael Leyva‐MayorgaJNJimmy Jessen Nielsen

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Overview

Optimization study demonstrates demand-aware allocation boosts downlink throughput by up to 700% in LEO satellite constellations, indicating superior efficiency over proportional fair models.

Key Points

  • To optimize end-to-end unicast and multicast traffic delivery to ground users over gateway-free low Earth orbit satellite constellations using inter-satellite links and direct downlink.
  • Decomposed end-to-end transmission into a space-segment distribution problem and a ground downlink resource allocation problem.
  • Modeled space-segment multicast distribution over capacity-constrained inter-satellite links using Steiner-tree approximations.
  • Formulated a demand-aware downlink resource allocation scheme for mixed traffic aligned with a 3GPP cell-based non-terrestrial network radio access model.
  • Steiner-based routing reduced inter-satellite link load and bottleneck risks with a moderate delay increase compared to shortest-path unicast routing, with amplified gains under spatial correlation.
  • Demand-aware downlink allocation maximized service availability and improved throughput by up to 700% compared to a proportional fair benchmark.

Cite This Study

Lozano-Cuadra et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd3c76b95aff0620eaff7https://doi.org/10.1002/sat.70086
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