Toxic epidermal necrolysis complicated by bronchiolitis obliterans in a child: a case report

Background Stevens‑Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe cutaneous adverse reactions that may be accompanied by multi‑organ involvement and high mortality. TEN complicated by bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is extremely rare among children. Case presentation We describe severe TEN complicated by bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in an 11‑year‑old ethnic Chinese boy. The patient mainly presented with fever, cough, rash, and shortness of breath. After the diagnosis of TEN, comprehensive treatments including intravenous immunoglobulin, systemic glucocorticoids, plasma exchange, tumor necrosis factor‑α receptor antagonist, and integrated skin and mucosal care were administered. Although the acute disease became stable, BO developed during the clinical course. The patient achieved favorable clinical outcomes after bronchoscopic holmium laser ablation. Conclusions Early diagnosis, comprehensive multimodal treatment, and long‑term multidisciplinary physical‑mental follow‑up are crucial to improve the prognosis of children with TEN.