Localized enhancement of microwave radiation associated with the 2025 M7.7 Myanmar earthquake

This study analyzes microwave brightness temperature (MBT) anomalies associated with the Mw 7.7 earthquake in Myanmar on March 28, 2025. Satellite remote sensing identified four localized positive MBT anomalies along the Sagaing Fault. The eastern anomaly persisted since February 2024, while the southern anomaly exhibited intermittent enhancement, peaking in March 2025. The southeastern anomalies were less pronounced and post-seismic. For the central zone, based on threshold, confidence interval, and p‑value analyses, the anomaly is negligible or absent. The spatial correlation between these anomalies and the fault is attributed to prolonged compressional stress from the Indian–Sunda Plate interaction. Integrated multi-frequency and multi-source data analysis excluded confounding factors such as vegetation and soil moisture. These results suggest that changes in surface dielectric properties are the most probable mechanism for the observed MBT enhancements. These findings provide valuable references for future seismic monitoring and prediction in the region.