Review demonstrates printing strategies and material modifications for liquid metals in stretchable electronics, highlighting pathways to scalable manufacturing.
Key Points
Examine how liquid metal properties govern printing mechanics and establish material-process-performance frameworks to enable reliable manufacturing of stretchable electronics.
Reviewed fundamental fluid and interfacial mechanics of liquid metals, focusing on low viscosity, oxide skin formation, and substrate wetting.
Synthesized chemical and physical modification approaches alongside multidimensional (2D to 4D) printing technologies for device integration.
Identified low viscosity, rapid surface oxidation, and interfacial instability as the primary physical barriers hindering precise patterning and durable integration.
Established material-process-performance relationships connecting formulation modifications to high-resolution deposition and mechanical durability in stretchable circuits.