Subcutaneous emphysema complicated by direct composite resin restoration after root canal treatment of a mandibular molar: a case report

Subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) is a rare condition where gas enters the subcutaneous tissue, causing swelling. This report details a 35-year-old woman who developed cervicofacial SCE after a composite resin restoration on a lower molar following a root canal. The swelling and crepitus spread to her cheek and submandibular area but resolved in ten days without major treatment. The cause is linked to pre-existing periodontal issues and procedural factors like gingival management and air-generating tools. This case highlights the risk of SCE in routine dental procedures on teeth with deep subgingival defects, emphasizing the need for caution to prevent this complication.