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September 5, 2026Capital & Class

The productivity paradox: How capitalism reproduces non-capitalist modes of production

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Authors

TLTina G. LokarKKKlemen Knez

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Overview

Economic analysis reveals uneven productivity growth shifts employment toward non-capitalist sectors in European economies, indicating that capitalism inherently preserves coexisting economic modes.

Key Points

  • To examine whether high capitalist productivity growth displaces alternative production modes or paradoxically sustains non-capitalist forms within a shared social formation.
  • Analyzed EU sectoral employment and productivity growth data across capitalist and non-capitalist economic domains.
  • Applied a Marxian framework of social formation to assess intersectoral labor shifts and uneven productivity dynamics.
  • Uneven productivity growth and limited competition across sectors drove a systematic reallocation of labor from high-productivity to low-productivity industries.
  • Employment increased in sectors where non-capitalist modes of production are prevalent, while relative employment in high-productivity capitalist sectors declined.

Cite This Study

Lokar et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd4126b95aff0620eb744https://doi.org/10.1177/03098168261478509
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Social Formation and Mode of Production: Peripheral Capitalism, Non-capitalist Relations, and Forms of Labor in Contemporary Capitalism2026
  2. 2The Historical Changes of Capital Effect in Political Economy2025
  3. 3The growth paradigm and the failures of the alternatives within the system: notes towards a dystopian Marxism2024
  4. 4Productivity Growth and Social Justice2026
  5. 5The paradox of capital intensity2024