Influence of a culturally adapted pre-Ramadan nutrition education intervention on diabetes-related knowledge and self-management practices among Egyptian adults with type 2 diabetes: A single-group pretest–posttest study

Background Managing type 2 diabetes becomes more difficult during fasting Ramadan. Alterations in meal timing, food choices, and medication schedules can increase the risk of glycemic complications. Although pre-Ramadan education is strongly recommended, there are still few culturally tailored interventions. Aim This study assessed the impact of a culturally appropriate pre-Ramadan nutritional education program on diabetes-related knowledge and practices for self-management. Methods A one-group, pretest–posttest quasi-experimental study was carried out in Egypt. A sample of 53 adults with type 2 diabetes was included. A culturally suitable intervention based on the guidelines of the International Diabetes Federation and Diabetes and Ramadan Alliance was specified. Data collection at baseline, after Ramadan, 3 months, and 6 months was conducted using a structured assessment questionnaire. Summary Female participants were 64.2%, and the average age was 52.2 ± 7.8 years. The mean total knowledge score rose from 26.3 ± 8.4 at baseline to 35.2 ± 6.9 ( p < 0.001) after 6 months. Ramadan-specific knowledge increased significantly, from 8.6 ± 3.3 to 11.0 ± 1.8 ( p < 0.001), and nutritional knowledge scores rose from 7.2 ± 3.1 to 9.5 ± 2.9 ( p < 0.001). Improvements in self-management practices were observed, including better identification of hypoglycemic symptoms (77.4–98.1%). Self-reported medication adherence rose from 41.5% to 71.7%. Among Egyptian adults with type 2 diabetes, a culturally tailored, Ramadan-focused diabetes education program greatly and sustainably boosted knowledge and self-management practices. Healthy fasting behaviors are improved by including religious and cultural contexts in diabetes education.