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September 5, 2026BMC MicrobiologyOpen Access

Population structure of human Group B Streptococcus in Brazil: vaccine targets, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance markers

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Authors

LOLaura M A OliveiraNCNatália Silva CostaAMAna Clarisse Merces

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Overview

Genomic surveillance reveals high predicted vaccine coverage and emerging resistance determinants in clinical Group B Streptococcus isolates, highlighting the utility of maternal vaccination.

Key Points

  • To characterize the genomic population structure, vaccine target distribution, and antimicrobial resistance determinants of human Group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolates collected in Brazil over nearly five decades.
  • Analyzed 394 human GBS isolates collected between 1978 and 2024, comprising maternal (n = 349), neonatal (n = 6), and non-pregnant adult (n = 39) origins.
  • Conducted whole-genome sequencing via Illumina platforms and utilized the GBS typing pipeline v1.0.10 alongside core-genome phylogenetic analysis to assess serotypes, sequence types, clonal complexes, surface protein genes, and antimicrobial resistance markers.
  • Serotype Ia was predominant overall (44.4%), with major clonal complexes including CC23 (40.6%), CC19 (17.3%), CC24 (11.9%), CC1 (8.9%), and CC17 (6.3%).
  • Predicted coverage for the candidate maternal vaccines GBS6 and GBS-AlpN ranged from 94.9% to 100% across all host groups.
  • The tetracycline resistance determinant tetM occurred in 77.4% of isolates; one maternal isolate with PBP substitutions exhibited penicillin non-susceptibility (MIC 0.75 µg/mL), and four of six isolates with gyrA or parC mutations showed phenotypic levofloxacin resistance.

Cite This Study

Oliveira et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd4536b95aff0620ebe7fhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-026-05589-1
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