Assessing barriers to e-methanol adoption for maritime decarbonization

As global efforts to decarbonize maritime transport intensify and the sector seeks credible pathways to deep decarbonization, understanding the barriers hindering alternative fuel adoption has become crucial. This study examines the challenges of implementing e-methanol as a low-carbon renewable marine fuel in container shipping. Using a multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) framework based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), 17 barriers were evaluated across economic, technological, social, and environmental dimensions. Assessing these barriers is essential for determining the contribution of e-methanol to the maritime industry's long-term decarbonization strategy. Based on insights from industry experts across the maritime value chain, the results show that the highest-ranked barriers are primarily economic, led by insufficient market-based incentives and carbon pricing, and high fuel price. These are followed by technological barriers associated with fuel production and fuel supply. The findings highlight the importance of clear policy signals, coordinated infrastructure development, and long-term investment strategies to unlock e-methanol's potential. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders to accelerate the maritime sector's transition toward sustainable, low-emission fuels and broader decarbonization objectives.