Influence of temperature changes on life parameters, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system, and expression of heat shock protein (hsp) genes in the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana

To investigated the effects of temperature stress , on the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana , we examined the life parameters (growth [body size] and hatching rate), reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymatic activities (e.g., glutathione S- transferase [GST], catalase [CAT], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) with transcriptional regulation of heat shock protein ( hsp ) genes in response to temperature changes. Significant changes in body size and hatching success were observed in response to temperature changes. changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were induced, indicating ROS-mediated activation of defense system, resulting in harmful effects on growth and hatching successes of A. franciscana . Additionally, transcriptional regulation of the four hsp genes ( hsp26 , hsp40 , hsp70 , and hsp90 ) was significantly modulated in response to temperature changes. In particular, hsp40 , hsp70 , and hsp90 were significantly increased in response to temperature changes, suggesting that hsp genes are crucial role in cellular defense mechanisms and hsp40, hsp70, and hsp90 could be useful as molecular biomarkers for temperature stress. Taken together, we suggested that temperature changes can induce oxidative stress, leading to modulation of antioxidant and stress defense mechanisms in the brine shrimp A. franciscana . Overall, the results of this study will provide a better understanding of the effects of temperature changes on body size and biomolecular response of the antioxidant defense system and hsp s in brine shrimp Artemia .