Photorefractive effect has been measured in LiNbO3:Fe at high temperature in the range 180–300 °C. At temperatures higher than 230 °C only transient effects can be observed. The kinetics of the diffraction efficiency is explained in terms of two kinds of mobile charges; electrons and protons. From the analysis of the final decay of the curves, an activation energy of 1.33±0.02 eV is obtained for the diffusion of protons in lithium niobate.
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Carrascosa et al. (1993) studied this question.
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