Volume phase holograms in an electrooptic crystal like LiNbO3 must be fixed so that they are not destroyed upon reading. By heating up the crystal mobilized ions may partially compensate the electronic space charge field, and a subsequent development procedure fixes the hologram. A general theory of this thermal fixing process is developed and applied to LiNbO3:Cu. Charge transport by the photovoltaic effect, by drift in a space charge field and by diffusion is taken into account. It is unlikely that mobile protons alone are responsible for the fixing effect.
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Hertel et al. (1987) studied this question.
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