Characterization of bainitic/martensitic structures formed in isothermal treatments below the M s temperature

Advanced Multiphase High Strength Steels are generally obtained by applying isothermal treatments around the martensite start temperature ( M s ). Previous investigations have shown that bainitic ferrite can form from austenite in isothermal treatments below M s , where its formation kinetics is accelerated by the presence of the athermal martensite. That athermal martensite is tempered during the isothermal treatment, and fresh martensite may form during the final cooling to room temperature. The distinction between product phases present after the application of this type of heat treatments is difficult due to morphological similarities between these transformation products. The aim of this study is to characterize the structural and morphological features of the product phases obtained in isothermal treatments below the M s -temperature in a low-carbon high-silicon steel. Multiphase microstructures, having controlled fractions of product phases, were developed by applying isothermal treatments above and below M s , and were further studied by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The bainitic or martensitic nature of these product phases is discussed based on this characterization. Results showed that bainitic ferrite appears in the form of acicular units and irregularly shaped laths. Tempered martensite appears as laths with a sharp tip and as relatively large elongated laths with wavy boundaries containing protrusions.