Patient-Centred Outcomes after Totally Endoscopic Cardiac Surgery: One-Year Follow-Up

Figures

• 

  Figure 1. STROBE (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) flow chart of patient recruitment and follow-up. Endo-CABG: endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting; TEAVR: totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement; TAVI: transcatheter aortic valve implantation; MVATS: mitral valve surgery through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

• 

  Figure 2. The physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS) of the 36-item short form (SF-36) questionnaire after totally endoscopic cardiac surgery (A,B), endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (C,D), endoscopic aortic valve replacement (E,F), mitral valve repair or replacement through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) (G,H), and concomitant surgeries (I,J). Data are shown in truncated violin plots as medians and interquartile ranges. The reference line indicates the mean of a reference population (ischemic heart disease in Belgium, red line). The bold significance bar represents a Friedman analysis over the five time points. The other significance bars include post-hoc analyses using a pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significance is marked as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.001.

• 

  Figure 3. The index value and visual analogue scale (VAS) of the European quality-of-life 5-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D) after totally endoscopic cardiac surgery (A,B), endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (C,D), endoscopic aortic valve replacement (E,F), mitral valve repair or replacement through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (G,H), and concomitant surgeries (I,J). Data are shown in truncated violin plots as medians and interquartile ranges. The bold significance bar represents a Friedman analysis over the five time points. The other significance bars include post-hoc analyses using a pairwise Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Significance is marked as * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.001.

• 

  Figure 4. Comparison of the physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS) of the short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire between endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (Endo-CABG) and open CABG (A,B), between totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement (TEAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) (C,D), and between concomitant and non-concomitant (E,F). Data are shown in truncated violin plots as medians and interquartile ranges. The reference line indicates the mean of a reference population (ischemic heart disease in Belgium, red line). Significance is marked as * p < 0.05.

• 

  Figure 5. Estimated survival regarding the all-cause mortality (Kaplan–Meier) after 30 days and one year for endoscopic coronary artery bypass grafting (Endo-CABG), totally endoscopic aortic valve replacement (TEAVR), mitral valve repair or replacement through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (MVATS), and concomitant procedures.