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Many micro pores were formed on the surface of a titanium (Ti) plate by sulfuric acid treatment, then apatite nuclei were precipitated in the pores of the Ti plate by direct heating of the plate by using electromagnetic induction in a simulated body fluid (SBF). When the Ti plate was soaked in SBF, amorphous calcium phosphate thin film covered the whole surface within 6 h and it grew into hydroxyapatite within 12 h. The hydroxyapatite layer showed high adhesive strength to the Ti plate due to a mechanical interlocking effect between hydroxyapatite grown in the micro pores and the Ti plate.
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Yabutsuka et al. (2010) studied this question.
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