Facile Method for Fluorescent Labeling of Starch Nanocrystal

Fluorescently labeled starch nanocrystal (FL-SNC) was synthesized using a simple, low-cost, and scalable two-step chemical modification process. Reactive amino groups were introduced onto the SNC surface through silanization with 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) groups were covalently attached through thiourea. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state cross-polarization magic-angle spinning 13 C NMR, UV–visible absorbance spectrophotometry, and fluorescence emission spectroscopy confirmed the successful introduction of the fluorescent groups. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction data indicated that the dispersibility of FL-SNC was significantly improved, and the original crystallinity and morphology were retained. Compared with a mixture of uncoupled FITC and SNC, covalently connected FL-SNC displayed a more obvious fluorescence intensity and higher photostability. Furthermore, FL-SNC was biocompatible with cells and could be easily internalized. In combination with the participation of active hydroxyls, this facile approach has potential use for synthesis of fluorescently polyhydroxyl nanoparticles and can be widely used for making biosensors and biomarker in food and biomedical industries.