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The interest in environmental genotoxicity studies has increased, and the micronucleus test (MN) is one of the most popular and promising tests on ecotoxicology, representing a cytogenetic indicator of DNA damage in dividing cells. Genotoxicity studies employed this methodology to evaluate possible genotoxic risk due to exposition to hazardous xenobiotics in different organisms, including aquatic sentinel organisms. In this context, bivalve mollusks stand out because of some aspects of their way of life, such as filtering food from the water. In bivalves, the MN test evaluates aneugenic and clastogenic effects preferably in hemocytes and gill cells. In the last two decades an interesting increase can be observed in the number of studies using the MN test in bivalve species, both in biomonitoring in situ and in the genotoxicity assays under controlled laboratory conditions, which are targeted to several chemicals with genotoxic and carcinogenic potential in the aquatic environment.Resumo O interesse sobre estudos de genotoxicidade ambiental tem sido crescente e o teste do micronucleo (MN) e um dos mais populares e promissores testes relacionados a ecotoxicologia, representando um indicador citogenetico de danos ao DNA de celulas em divisao. Estudos de genotoxicidade empregam esta metodologia para avaliar possiveis riscos genotoxicos devidos a exposicao a xenobioticos perigosos em diferentes organismos, incluindo organismos aquaticos sentinelas. Neste contexto, moluscos bivalves destacam-se por conta de alguns aspectos do seu modo de vida, tais como a filtracao de alimentos da agua. Nos bivalves, o teste do MN avalia efeitos aneugenicos e clastogenicos preferencialmente em hemocitos e celulas das brânquias. Nas duas ultimas decadas, pode-se observar um aumento interessante no numero de estudos usando o teste do MN em especies de bivalves, incluindo tanto o biomonitoramento in situ quanto ensaios de genotoxicidade em condicoes controladas de laboratorio, que sao direcionados a diversas substâncias quimicas com potencial genotoxico e carcinogenico no ambiente aquatico.
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Rocha et al. (2016) studied this question.
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