Bacterial biofilm formation, pathogenicity, diagnostics and control: An overview

Bacterial biofilms are complex, mono- or poly-microbialn communities to biotic or abiotic surfaces. This adaptation has been as a survival strategy. The formation of biofilms is by mechanical, biochemical and genetical factors. The biofilms the virulence of the pathogen and have their potential role in infections, such as dental caries, cystic fibrosis,, urinary tract infection and eye infections. A number of techniques, viz., bright-field microscopy, epifluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning and amplicon length heterogeneity polymerase chain reaction, been employed for detection of these communities. Researchers have on applications of catheter lock solutions, a fish protein, acid shock treatment, susceptibility to bacteriophages, etc., biofilm control. However, we need to rearrange our strategies to thorough insight and concentrate on priority basis to develop new, precise and rapid diagnostic protocols for detection and of biofilm. Above all, the strict compliance to these is required for accurate diagnosis and control.