Study of Association Between Different Coronary Artery Disease Presentations and Its Effect on Short-Term Mortality, Readmission, and Cost in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions

Introduction Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of mortality in the USA. CAD requiring percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) can have a wide spectrum of presentations. We reviewed the cost of admission and PCI at the tertiary care center stratified for different CAD presentation types. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 7,389 patients undergoing coronary angiogram at our facility from 2015 to 2017. Patients were selected from CathPCI registry. Chart review was done for readmission and death data. Cost data were provided by the finance department. Patients going for coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) were excluded. We split the patients based on their need for PCI. Cost analysis was based on CAD presentation types (No symptoms, atypical symptoms, stable angina, unstable angina, NSTEMI [non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction], STEMI [ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction]). Adjusted linear regression was run for the outcomes. Primary outcomes were 30-day readmission and death. The secondary outcome was cost of admission. Results The final sample size was 6,403. The mean age was 65.6 years (SD: 12.5; male: 63.8%). 2444 required PCI (38%; p < 0.001). PCI group had lower mean age (62.5 years; SD: 12.3, p<0.001) with lower BMI (30.6 vs 31.1, p=0.015). PCI group had significantly lower odds for 30-day readmission (OR: 0.63; CI: 0.45-0.89; p=0.009) and 30-day mortality (OR:0.60; CI: 0.41-0.89; p = 0.011). A severe presentation increased the odds of getting PCI. Cost of admission was higher in all groups receiving PCI. Conclusions PCI group had better 30-day readmission and mortality rates. PCI increases the cost of admission in all CAD types.