Pigeons were studied in a delayed-response task requiring alternation of key pecks on two response keys. Blackouts of from 1 to 10 sec intervened between successive choices on the two keys. THE FOLLOWING RESULTS WERE OBTAINED: (1) Birds performed at well above chance accuracy on all the delays tested. Accuracy was generally lowest at 1- and 10-sec delays. (2) Overt postural orientations during the delay interval appeared to mediate accurate key-pecking behavior. (3) The shape of the delay vs. accuracy function was discussed in terms of the possibly confounding influences of (a) stimulus "trace" variables, and (b) aversive effects of the time outs produced by incorrect responding.
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Eliot Hearst (1962) studied this question.