Polyetheretherketone in restorative and endodontic dentistry: Bridging material science and clinical application challenges

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a high-performance thermoplastic polymer, is gaining significant attention in restorative dentistry and endodontics due to its favorable biomechanical and biocompatible properties. Its elastic modulus, closely matching that of dentin and bone, along with chemical stability and radiolucency, positions PEEK as a promising alternative to conventional metallic and ceramic materials. Current applications span posts and cores, endocrowns, inlays, veneers, endodontic irrigation tips, root canal expanders, and scaffold systems. This review consolidates recent findings on PEEK’s applications while identifying key challenges such as limited esthetic translucency and suboptimal bonding due to its hydrophobic and inert surface. To overcome these, surface modification strategies including plasma treatments, sulfonation, and bioactive coatings have been explored. Reinforcement with nanofillers and fibers improves mechanical strength and bioactivity, supporting its integration into complex dental procedures. Future research should prioritize clinical trials of modified PEEK formulations, biofunctionalization techniques, and economic feasibility studies. Emerging technologies such as computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing CAD/CAM and three-dimensional printing offer potential for highly customized and minimally invasive restorations. In addition, the role of PEEK in regenerative endodontics through scaffold development represents a frontier for tissue engineering applications. With continued innovation and evidence-based validation, PEEK has the potential to redefine the scope of biomaterials used in restorative and endodontic dentistry, offering a durable, esthetic, and metal-free alternative for modern dental practice.