A comparative analysis of physical activity and cognitive performance in both institutionalized and non-institutionalized older adults, controlling sociodemographic variables

Introduction: This study examined the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance in older adults living in nursing homes (i.e., those institutionalized for geriatric reasons), taking into account age and educational level as potential confounding factors. Methods: The sample consisted of 300 participants, 150 of whom were institutionalized in geriatric institutions and 150 of whom lived in community. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), while physical activity levels were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Results: Analysis revealed significant differences in cognitive performance between the two groups, with institutionalized participants achieving lower scores. Furthermore, an interaction effect between institutionalization and physical activity was identified, indicating that exercise is particularly beneficial for the cognitive health of institutionalized individuals. Discussion: These results imply that physical activity is an especially important protective factor in institutional settings where opportunities for environmental cognitive stimulation may be limited.