Novel Use of Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty to Treat Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

Figures

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  Figure 1. Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: Pathogenesis, Presentation, and Management Created using BioRender.

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  Figure 2. Cardiac CT From Case 1: Before and After Yellow arrows showing the site of stenosis between LLPV (marked in red) and LA (left atrium) in A and B. (B) Improved LLPV stenosis after DCB angioplasty at 8-month follow-up is shown. Created using BioRender.

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  Figure 3. Angiogram During Catheterization From Case 2: Before and After Yellow arrows showing the site of stenosis before and after DCB angioplasty in A, D, B, and E, respectively. Given the severity of stenosis, only a small jet is seen projecting into the left atrium (LA) as seen in A. After angioplasty, appropriate flow into the LA is depicted in (B). Follow-up angiogram at 8 months shows stable gradient in C requiring no further intervention. Seven months after the follow-up angiogram, recurrent stenosis is demonstrated in D followed by improvement in E. Created using BioRender.

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  Figure 4. Angiogram During Catheterization From Case 3 With Follow-Up TTE Yellow arrows showing the site of stenosis before and after drug-coated balloon angioplasty in A and B. Significant improvement in flow from the left lower pulmonary vein (LLPV) to the left atrium is seen in B after angioplasty. A repeat transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) done 6 months after the angioplasty shows stable gradient with patent LLPV (depicted by the yellow arrow), in C. Created using BioRender.