Catalyst‐Mediated Green Approaches for the Synthesis of Pyran‐Fused Bicyclic to Polycyclic Heterocyclic Scaffolds

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Pyran‐fused heterocyclic derivatives have gained significant attention due to their structural diversity and wide‐ranging biological activities. Recent advances (2022–2025) emphasize green synthetic approaches, including multicomponent reactions, solvent‐free and microwave‐assisted methods, and recyclable catalysts. These strategies offer high efficiency, reduced reaction times, and low environmental impact. Structurally, bicyclic, tricyclic, tetracyclic, and polycyclic systems are explored, with excellent yields reported—up to 99% for pyrazole‐based bicyclic and benzocoumarin‐pyrimidine tetracyclic systems, 98% for coumarin‐based tricyclic systems, and 97% for polycyclic derivatives. Overall, green methodologies provide an efficient and sustainable route for synthesizing complex pyran‐based scaffolds with promising therapeutic potential.