Toward Tissue-Selective Pancreatic B-Cells KATP Channel Openers Belonging to 3-Alkylamino-7-halo-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides

3-(Alkylamino)-7-halo-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides were synthesized, and their activity on rat-insulin-secreting cells and rat aorta rings was compared to that of the K(ATP) channel activators diazoxide and pinacidil. Structure-activity relationships indicated that an improved potency and selectivity for the pancreatic tissue was obtained by introducing a fluorine atom in the 7-position and a short linear (preferably ethyl) or cyclic (preferably cyclobutyl) hydrocarbon chain on the nitrogen atom in the 3-position. By contrast, strong myorelaxant activity was gained by the introduction of a halogen atom different from the fluorine atom in the 7-position and a bulky branched alkylamino chain in the 3-position. Thus, 3-(ethylamino)-7-fluoro-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (11) expressed a marked inhibitory activity on pancreatic B-cells (IC(50) = 1 microM) associated with a weak vasorelaxant effect (ED(50) > 300 microM), whereas 7-chloro-3-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)amino-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (27), which was only slightly active on insulin-secreting cells (IC(50) > 10 microM), was found to be very potent on vascular smooth muscle cells (ED(50) = 0.29 microM). Radioisotopic and electrophysiological investigations performed with 7-chlorinated, 7-iodinated, and 7-fluorinated 3-alkylamino-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides confirmed that the drugs activated K(ATP) channels. The present data revealed that subtle structural modifications of 3-(alkylamino)-7-halo-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides can generate original compounds activating K(ATP) channels and exhibiting different in vitro tissue selectivity profiles.