Design of Compact Huygens’ Metasurface Pairs With Multiple Reflections for Arbitrary Wave Transformations

Huygens' metasurfaces (HMSs) have demonstrated a remarkable potential to perform wave transformations within a subwavelength region. In particular, omega-bianisotropic HMSs have allowed for the passive implementation of any wave transformation that conserves real power locally. Previous reports have also shown that HMS pairs are capable of realizing transformations that break the local power conservation requirement by redistributing the total power, while the wave propagates between the two metasurfaces. However, the required separation distance overshadows the low-profile characteristics of the individual metasurfaces and leads to bulky designs, especially for lower frequencies. In this article, we develop a method of designing omega-bianisotropic HMS pairs, relying on a point-matching process of the real power at the two metasurfaces. We highlight the versatility of our method by presenting two variations of the configuration, depending on whether the electromagnetic source is located within or outside the metasurface pair. Based on the examples of a cylindrical-wave to plane-wave transformation and a beam expander, we examine the impact of multiple reflections, as a way to overcome the size limitations and design compact structures. Moreover, we explore possible beamforming applications through an example of a Taylor-pattern antenna with a single feed-point between the two metasurfaces.