Late-time cosmological constraints on three holographic dark energy models with DESI DR2 BAO and Type Ia supernovae

We constrain three holographic-inspired dark energy models, namely holographic dark energy (HDE), agegraphic dark energy (ADE), and Ricci dark energy (RDE), using late-time observations from cosmic chronometers, Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), DESI DR2 baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), and redshift-space distortion (RSD) growth measurements. Five data combinations are considered: $$H(z)+$$ H ( z ) + Pantheon+, $$H(z)+$$ H ( z ) + DESI DR2+Pantheon+, $$H(z)+$$ H ( z ) + DESI DR2+DES-Dovekie, $$H(z)+$$ H ( z ) + DESI DR2+DESY5, and $$H(z)+$$ H ( z ) + DESI DR2+DES-Dovekie+RSD. We perform Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation and compare the models with AIC and BIC. In the BAO-included combinations, HDE gives H₀ 67.3 H 0 ≃ 67.3 – 68.0~ ~km~s⁻¹~Mpc⁻¹ 68.0 km s - 1 Mpc - 1 , Ω ₘ₀ 0.270 Ω m 0 ≃ 0.270 –0.272, and c 1 c ≃ 1 , indicating an expansion history close to the de Sitter boundary rather than a robust phantom regime. ADE yields a stable agegraphic parameter n 2.78 n ≃ 2.78 –2.81, while RDE gives γ 0.53 γ ≃ 0.53 –0.55 and persistently favors a low matter density, Ω ₘ₀ 0.215 Ω m 0 ≃ 0.215