Oxytactic microorganism-induced magneto-bioconvective lid-driven hybrid nanofluid flow in a porous cavity with Heat Source

This study investigates the magneto-thermo-bioconvective sheared hybrid nanofluid (SWCNTMWCNT/H 2 O) flow within a porous cavity containing oxytactic microorganisms. The enclosure is left-side heated and right-side cooled with adiabatic tops and bottom. In addition, the upper wall moves horizontally (+x-direction), and other walls are stationary. Finite-difference discretization applied to non-dimensional equations, and the resulting linear equations are efficiently solved through iterative techniques. The flow-controlling parameters are varied in the ranges as: Ra b = 0.1-10; Pe = 0.01-0.5; Ra = 10 5 -10 7 ; Re = 25-75; Sc = 0.1-1; Da = 10 -5 -10 -2 ; Ha = 0-20; β 1 = 0.1-1; and Ø hnf = 0-4%. The findings reveal that Nu avg has a rise of 544%, while Sh avg and Nn avg are reduces by 16.49% and 17.62%, respectively, with increased Ra. Moreover, heightening Ra b alters fluid circulation, with minimal impact on isotherms but reduces Nu avg and slightly increases Sh avg and Nn avg Also, as Re upsurges from 25 to 75, Nu avg surges by 73.36%, while Sh avg and Nn avg see modest gains of 1.52% and 1.57%, respectively. As ‘Ø hnf ’ increases, Nu avg exhibits an upward trend, whereas it diminishes with increased values of ‘Pe’ and ‘Sc’. In contrast, Sh avg experiences growth with increasing Ø hnf but declines as ‘Sc’ and ‘Pe’ rises.