A systematic review of concepts and domains in participatory architecture: towards a competency model for the participatory architect

Acting as an architect in participatory design requires a set of interwoven attributes. This need arises from the breadth of the field and its engagement with diverse groups of people, which place particular demands on the design process. Drawing on a systematic review of the literature from the past decade and grounded in the KSA (Knowledge, Skills, and Attitude) competency model, this study seeks to uncover these traits within existing conceptual frameworks. After identifying the network of concepts and domains in participatory architecture, the study coded them across the three KSA competency dimensions, leading to different facets of professional characters. These professional characters are: Translator and Co-creator, Narrative Maker, Democratizing Techno-Artist, Learning Networker, Adaptive Leader, and Process Critic. These characters are synthesized into a three-layered Hexagonal Competency Model. The model demonstrates that competence in participatory architecture is not a static checklist but a dynamic ecology of professional characters. Beyond its theoretical contribution, mapping individual competency profiles through the model serves as a strategic tool for assembling teams for participatory architecture. In such teams, members’ strengths and gaps interlock to cover the full spectrum of necessary capabilities.