Enhancing Tool Life in End Milling of Martensitic Stainless-Steel Custom 450 Through Deep Cryogenic Treatment: Wear Analysis and Performance Evaluation

This paper aims to assess how deep cryogenic treatment affects tool wear during the end milling of martensite stainless steel Custom 450. The tungsten carbide inserts are cryogenically treated after 24[Formula: see text]h. Wear tests are carried out under dry cutting conditions with three cutting speeds ranging from 75[Formula: see text]m/min, 115[Formula: see text]m/min, and 155[Formula: see text]m/min; a feed rate ranging from 0.1 to 0.2 mm/tooth; and a constant depth of cut of 0.5[Formula: see text]mm. The wear test findings demonstrated the crater and flank wear using cryo-treated inserts for 24 h. Conversely, we measure output responses like surface roughness (SR), cutting temperature (CT), and cutting force (CF). Cutting inserts that are cryogenically treated for 24[Formula: see text]h on average exhibit superior wear resistance compared to untreated cutting inserts. The confirmation experiment for the 24[Formula: see text]h cryo-treated tool inserts showed predicted values of CF, SR, and TT as 153.66[Formula: see text]N, 0.2724[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m, and 330.45∘C, respectively, with errors within 3%. For cryo-treated inserts, the experimental values were 154.28 N, 0.2938[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]m, and 332.98∘C, with percentage deviations of −0.403%, −7.856%, and −0.765%, respectively.