Key result
Experimental challenge of naïve Atlantic salmon with cell culture passaged Atlantic salmon reovirus resulted in cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology typical of HSMI, characterized as a CD8+ T cell myocarditis.
Why the study?
Does experimental challenge with Atlantic salmon reovirus cause CD8 T cell myocarditis in naïve Atlantic salmon?
Does experimental challenge with Atlantic salmon reovirus cause CD8 T cell myocarditis in naïve Atlantic salmon?
Experimental infection of Atlantic salmon with ASRV reproduces the pathology of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI), demonstrating it is an infectious disease characterized by a CD8+ T cell myocarditis.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Confirms ASRV as causative in salmon HSMI model; leaves open translational relevance to mammalian myocarditis.
Heart and skeletal inflammation (HSMI) of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) is a disease characterized by a chronic myocarditis involving the epicardium and the compact and spongious part of the heart ventricle. Chronic myositis of the red skeletal muscle is also a typical finding of HSMI. Piscine reovirus (PRV) has been detected by real-time PCR from farmed and wild salmon with and without typical changes of HSMI and thus the causal relationship between presence of virus and the disease has not been fully determined. In this study we show that the Atlantic salmon reovirus (ASRV), identical to PRV, can be passaged in GF-1 cells and experimental challenge of naïve Atlantic salmon with cell culture passaged reovirus results in cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology typical of HSMI with onset of pathology from 6 weeks, peaking by 9 weeks post challenge. ASRV replicates in heart tissue and the peak level of virus replication coincides with peak of heart lesions. We further demonstrate mRNA transcript assessment and in situ characterization that challenged fish develop a CD8+ T cell myocarditis.
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Mikalsen et al. (2012) studied Heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) (n=90). Atlantic salmon reovirus (ASRV) infection vs. Uninfected controls was evaluated on Development of cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology typical of HSMI. Experimental challenge of naïve Atlantic salmon with cell culture passaged Atlantic salmon reovirus resulted in cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology typical of HSMI, characterized as a CD8+ T cell myocarditis.
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