The role of FGFR, LRP2, and PTCH2 in skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathism, and of BMPER, DLL3, and LNFG in skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular prognathism

Introduction. Malocclusion is a developmental issue defined by an improper relationship between the two dental arches and the teeth. The etiology of malocclusion involves hereditary variables and may affect face aesthetics, speech clarity, and proper chewing function. There are several translation and transcription variations among different human genes, which can be inherited congenitally. Multiple genes such as FGR2, FGR3, DLL3, LFNG, and BMPER, can affect different skeletal malocclusion phenotypes. Aim. This study aims to analyze the genetic role of various genes (FGFR2, FGFR3, DLL3, LFNG, and BMPER) in different skeletal malocclusions. Methods. The researchers conducted a descriptive observational study. The research sample was selected using simple random sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. From the samples meeting the criteria, one most representative sample was chosen for further analysis. Results. In class II malocclusion found SNPS MISSENS SNV LRP2 (rs4667591, rs2229263, rs2075252, rs222817), PTCH2 (rs7525308, rs2295997, rs372348401), and missense SNV rs56240927 FGFR3 was identified. In class III malocclusion there was a significant SNP rs74734392 in BMPER, four DLL3 mutations (rs8107127, rs8106337, rs1110627, and rs2304214) and two LFNG mutations (rs61564232 and rs34637446). Conclusion. Genetic factors play a role in the formation of malocclusion. Numerous SNPs have been discovered within the phenotype associated with skeletal malocclusion patterns in the Javanese ethnicity.