Assessment of microhardness and surface roughness of a flowable composite for use in minimally invasive dentistry (in vitro study)

Background and objectives. GC G-ænial Universal Flo has higher gloss retention, higher strength, and higher wear resistance compared to other flowable and conventional composites, and is claimed to be suitable for use in minimally invasive dentistry. The aim of the study was to comparatively evaluate the microhardness and surface roughness of GC G-ænial Universal Flo in comparison with a conventional composite. Materials and methods. A total of 60 composite molds were prepared, with 30 molds in each group. The fabricated samples were placed in an artificial saliva solution for 24 hours. Fresh milk was utilized throughout the duration of the study. The microhardness of the composite materials was assessed using a Vickers hardness tester. Initially, baseline readings were recorded after 24 hours and the readings were documented on the 14th day. Baseline measurements for the surface roughness of the composite materials were obtained using a stylus profilometer. Results. A paired t-test was performed to assess the difference between paired data for microhardness and surface roughness. In Group A, the p-value was 0.934, suggesting there was no statistically significant difference. In Group B, the p-value was 0.028, indicating a statistically significant difference. Conclusion. It is concluded that weak acids present in drinks have a substantial impact on the hardness and surface roughness, leading to the degradation of GC G-ænial composite.