Surface analysis by means of magnetic resonance techniques

Both electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy have been widely used for the analysis of adsorbed atoms, molecules, ions, and defects on surfaces. In this review we wish to describe a number of representative applications of the two techniques, which will illustrate the types of systems that have been studied and will point out some of the more recent developments in the field. Surface analysis will be treated in a rather broad sense in that the electronic structure, motion, and reactivity of surface species will be covered, as well as their identification and quantitative determination.