DELIVERY OF high-energy direct-current shocks through electrode catheters for treatment of patients with cardiac arrhythmias was first introduced in 1981 Since that time, this experimental technique has be- come established as a therapeutic tool for selected patients.This essay will review the basic biophysical effects of such shocks, summarize the present clinical indications for this therapy, and speculate on the future directions for interventional electrophysiology.
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Scheinman et al. (1986) studied this question.
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